Montana All-Party

Licensing & Regulation

Montana licenses PIs through the Montana Board of Private Security under Mont. Code Ann. §37-60-101 et seq. Applicants must be 18+, U.S. citizens or legal residents, demonstrate experience, pass an examination, and submit fingerprints.

Physical Surveillance

Public surveillance is permitted. Montana's expansive privacy protections under Article II §10 of its constitution apply primarily to government action but inform tort law. GPS tracking on a non-owned vehicle is constrained by the stalking statute.

Audio & Video Recording Consent

Montana is an all-party-consent state under Mont. Code Ann. §45-8-213. Every party to an oral communication must be informed that the conversation is being recorded. The statute has been narrowly construed in some circumstances but the safe rule is to obtain all-party consent.

Domestic, Marital & Infidelity Investigations

Montana is a no-fault divorce state. Marital misconduct rarely affects property division. PIs document patterns. Recording is constrained by the all-party-consent statute.

Cybersecurity, Hacking & Digital Investigations

Mont. Code Ann. §45-6-310-311 (computer crimes) parallels the CFAA. OSINT is permitted; pretexting is barred.

Missing Persons, Skip Tracing & Harassment

Montana DOJ coordinates missing-persons cases. DPPA fully applies. Montana's stalking statute is broad.