North Dakota One-Party
Licensing & Regulation
North Dakota licenses PIs through the Private Investigative and Security Board under N.D.C.C. §43-30. Applicants must be 18+, demonstrate experience or training, pass an examination, and submit fingerprints.
Physical Surveillance
Public surveillance is permitted. North Dakota's stalking statute (N.D.C.C. §12.1-17-07.1) constrains intrusive conduct. GPS tracking on a non-owned vehicle is risky.
Audio & Video Recording Consent
North Dakota is a one-party-consent state under N.D.C.C. §12.1-15-02. The recording party must be a participant.
Domestic, Marital & Infidelity Investigations
North Dakota allows fault-based divorce; adultery is a ground. PIs document patterns. Accessing a spouse's accounts may violate N.D.C.C. §12.1-06.1-08 (computer fraud).
Cybersecurity, Hacking & Digital Investigations
N.D.C.C. §12.1-06.1 (computer crimes) parallels the CFAA. OSINT is permitted; pretexting is barred.
Missing Persons, Skip Tracing & Harassment
ND BCI coordinates missing-persons cases. DPPA fully applies. North Dakota's stalking statute is broad.